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Eye Detection Applying a Probabilistic Algorithm Inspired to the Butterfly Flight
Donatella Giuliani
Pages - 28 - 43     |    Revised - 30-06-2022     |    Published - 01-08-2023
Volume - 17   Issue - 2    |    Publication Date - August 2023  Table of Contents
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KEYWORDS
Image Segmentation, Eye Detection, Skin Detector, EyeMap, Nature-inspired Algorithm.
ABSTRACT
Eye state analysis is relevant to detect fatigue and drowsiness when driving, it is therefore essential to ensure safety of people. In this work, we propose an eye detection method applied to color images, recurring to a random exploration performed by multiple research agents simultaneously. The color image is represented in YCbCr color space, because in this space the luminance component is separated by chrominance components. At first, an algorithm is used to recognize the face area in the original image. Afterwards, a normalized EyeMap is generated to distinguish and enhance eye regions in order to make them more evident. For comparison, we performed the procedure on the YCbCr and the Chromaticity Space xy, recurring to a generalized equation. The novelty of this approach is the introduction of the z component of the Chromaticity Space. This choice is justified by its relationship with the Tristimulus Z component, which represents mostly blue wavelengths in turn strictly related to the bluish color of the sclera.The search of ocular areas is conducted through an algorithm that simulates the flight of butterflies. Initially a butterfly gives rise to a random research but, when a foraging zone is discovered, it makes non-random dispersal movements around the food source. Similarly, in the applied algorithm, if a small region containing eyes is detected, even if partially, a more circumscribed research gets started through helicoidal paths around the identified area. In this way, we avoid the arbitrariness of choosing the position and size of any search window.
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Professor Donatella Giuliani
School of Economics, Management and Statistics, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40126 - Italy
giulianidonatella@libero.it


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